Epidemiology of erectile dysfunction in men with diabetes mellitus: a study in a primary health care center in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.oa.192070Keywords:
diabetes mellitus, erectile dysfunction, maleAbstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the factors causing erectile dysfunction (ED) and may affect a person's quality of life. This study was aimed to describe the epidemiology of ED in men with DM in a primary health care.
METHODS The study used a cross-sectional study design conducted from January to March 2017 at the Tlogosari Kulon Health Center, Semarang. There were 122 diabetic men who were all included in the study. The data were collected using interviewerassisted questionnaires. The status of ED was measured by the erectile dysfunction intensity scale adapted to the International Index of Erectile Function.
RESULTS
The results showed that the prevalence of diabetic men with ED was 84.4%. Most men with ED had age of ≥46 years (91.0%), experienced work stress (88.5%), had low physical activity (93.1%), had obesity (88.0%) of which 86.3% had central obesity, smoking (84.6%), had DM >5 years (91.2%), and took antihypertensive drugs (90.0%). The fasting blood glucose level of respondents ≥126 mg/dl was 86.0%, and 91.7% had sexual desire disorder. The duration of DM and aging are contributing factors of ED in males with DM, with a p-value of 0.016 and 0.013, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of ED in primary health care is still high, and the determining factors were the duration of DM and aging. Public health centers are advised to undertake health promotion on the prevention of factors that can lead to sexual dysfunction in males with DM.
Downloads
References
Shamloul R, Ghanem H. Erectile dysfunction. Lancet. 2013;381(9861):153-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60520-0
Glina S, Cohen DJ, Vieira M. Diagnosis of erectile dysfunction. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2014;27(6):394-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000097
Rachmadi A. Blood glucose and testosterone hormone levels in men diabetes mellitus patient: the correlation with sexual dysfunction and difference with not sexual dysfunction [thesis]. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro; 2008. Indonesian.
District Health Office of Semarang City. Health profile in Semarang city year 2014 [Internet]. 2015 (cited 2019 Apr 17). Available from: http://www.depkes.go.id/resources/download/profil/PROFIL_KAB_KOTA_2014/3374_Jateng_Kota_Semarang_2014.pdf.
Zedan H, Hareadei AA, Abd-Elsayed AA, Abdel-Maguid EM. Cigarette smoking, hypertension and diabetes mellitus as risk factors for erectile dysfunction in upper Egypt. 2010;16(3):281-5. https://doi.org/10.26719/2010.16.3.281
Peate I. Breaking the silence: helping men with erectile dysfunction. Br J Community Nurs. 2012;17(7):310-7. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2012.17.7.310
El Taieb MA, Hegazy EM, Maklad SM, Khairy R. Platelet Indices as a marker for early prediction of erectile dysfunction in diabetic patients. Andrologia. 2019;51(1):e13163. https://doi.org/10.1111/and.13163
Emanu JC, Avildsen IK, Nelson CJ. Erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy: prevalence, medical treatments, and psychosocial interventions. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2016;10(1):102-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/SPC.0000000000000195
Ejder Apay S, Özorhan EY, Arslan S, Özkan H, Koc E, Özbey I. The sexual beliefs of Turkish men: comparing the beliefs of men with and without erectile dysfunction. J Sex Marital Ther. 2015;41(6):661-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2014.966397
Kristanti CH. Sensitivity and specificity question of physical activity from the CPI format in the age group of 25 – 34 years old [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2019 Apr 17]. Jakarta: Perpustakaan Badan Litbang Kesehatan. Available from: http://repository.litbang.kemkes.go.id/1637/. Indonesian.
International Stress Management Association UK. Stress questionnaire [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2019 Apr 17]. Caldicot: International Stress Management Association UK. Available from: www.isma.org.uk.
World Health Organization. Global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ) analysis guide [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization, Surveillance and Population-Based Prevention Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases Department; [cited 2015 Sep 15]. Available from: www.who.int/chp/steps.
Dziechcia? M, Filip R. Biological psychological and social determinants of old age: bio-psycho-social aspects of human aging. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2014;21(4):835-8. https://doi.org/10.5604/12321966.1129943
Shaeer KZ, Osegbe DN, Siddiqui SH, Razzaque A, Glasser DB, Jaguste V. Prevalence of erectile dysfunction and its correlates among men attending primary care clinics in three countries: Pakistan, Egypt, and Nigeria. Int J Impot Res. 2003;15(Suppl 1):S8-14. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijir.3900971
Khatib FA, Jarrah NS, Shegem NS, Bateiha AM, Abu-Ali RM, Ajlouni KM. Sexual dysfunction among Jordanian men with diabetes. Saudi Med J. 2006;27(3):351-6.
Giuliano FA, Leriche A, Jaudinot EO, de Gendre AS. Prevalence of erectile dysfunction among 7689 patients with diabetes or hypertension, or both. Urology. 2004;64(6):1196-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2004.08.059
Walle B, Lebeta KR, Fita YD, Abdissa HG. Prevalence of erectile dysfunction and associated factors among diabetic men attending the diabetic clinic at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia, 2016. BMC Res Notes. 2018;11(1):130. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3211-2
Song WH, Park J, Yoo S, Oh S, Cho SY, Cho MC, et al. Changes in the prevalence and risk factors of erectile dysfunction during a decade: The Korean Internet Sexuality Survey (KISS), a 10-year-interval web-based survey. World J Mens Health. 2019;37(2):199-209. https://doi.org/10.5534/wjmh.180054
Al Naimi A, Majzoub AA, Talib RA, Canguven O, Al Ansari A. Erectile dysfunction in Qatar: prevalence and risk factors in 1,052 participants-a pilot study. Sex Med. 2014;2(2):91-5. https://doi.org/10.1002/sm2.26
Moreira ED Jr, Lbo CF, Diament A, Nicolosi A, Glasser DB. Incidence of erectile dysfunction in men 40 to 69 years old: results from a population-based cohort study in Brazil. Urology. 2003;61(2):431-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-4295(02)02158-1
Chitaley K, Kupelian V, Subak L, Wessells H. Diabetes, obesity and erectile dysfunction: field overview and research priorities. J Urol. 2009;182(6 Suppl):S45-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2009.07.089
Porst H, Buvat J, editors. Standard practice in sexual medicine. Malden: Blackwell Publishing; 2008.
Riedner CE, Rhoden EL, Ribeiro EP, Fuchs SC. Central obesity is an independent predictor of erectile dysfunction in older men. J Urol. 2006;176(4 Pt 1):1519-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2006.06.049
Hackett G. The burden and extent of comorbid conditions in patients with erectile dysfunction. Int J Clin Pract. 2009;63(8):1205-13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02088.x
Bacon CG, Hu FB, Giovannucci E, Glasser DB, Mittleman MA, Rimm EB. Association of type and duration of diabetes with erectile dysfunction in a large cohort of men. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(8):1458-63. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.25.8.1458
Roth A, Kalter-Leibovici O, Kerbis Y, Tenenbaum-Koren E, Chen J, Sobol T, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for erectile dysfunction in men with diabetes, hypertension, or both diseases: a community survey among 1,412 Israeli men. Clin Cardiol. 2003;26(1):25-30. https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.4960260106
El-Sakka AI, Tayeb KA. Erectile dysfunction risk factors in noninsulin dependent diabetic saudi patients. J Urol. 2003;169(3):1043-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000050080.21839.f9
Binmoammar TA, Hassounah S, Alsaad S, Rawaf S, Majeed A. The impact of poor glycaemic control on the prevalence of erectile dysfunction in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. JRSM Open. 2016;7(3):2054270415622602. https://doi.org/10.1177/2054270415622602
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with Medical Journal of Indonesia agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant Medical Journal of Indonesia right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License that allows others to remix, adapt, build upon the work non-commercially with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in Medical Journal of Indonesia.
- Authors are permitted to copy and redistribute the journal's published version of the work non-commercially (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Medical Journal of Indonesia.
