A systematic review of respiratory infection due to air pollution during natural disasters
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.oa.204390Keywords:
air pollution, disasters, respiratory tract infections, volcanic eruptions, wildfiresAbstract
BACKGROUND Wildfire and volcano eruption occurred in Indonesia due to its geographical location, climate change, global warming, and human behavior. Various substances produced an increased risk of experiencing health problems, including respiratory infection. Evidence about the effect of pulmonary infection during natural disasters is still limited. This study was aimed to review and elaborate on previous studies to determine the effect of air pollution exposure during natural disasters and respiratory infection.
METHODS Literature searches were conducted on PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar, and was limited to the 10 last years, human studies, and the English language. Inclusion criteria were articles with representation for clinical questions, review articles, population studies, and the full-text article was available. Exclusion criteria were articles that only discussed the exposure to and not the association with the effect of the respiratory infection. The Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine tools appraised six relevant articles.
RESULTS Air pollution during a natural disaster enhances particulate matter to 10–70 μg/m3 and more than 5 times the aerosol optical depth measurement compared with the tolerated air concentration. The air level was consistently related to acute respiratory infection, pneumonia, bronchitis, and bronchiolitis admissions in wildfire smoke and volcanic eruption in this review. Nevertheless, there was a diverse result for upper respiratory infection cases.
CONCLUSIONS Natural disasters increased the level of ambient air pollution that exceeded the levels recommended by the World Health Organization air quality guideline. Air pollution may play an important role in respiratory tract infection, especially among population with high exposure.
Downloads
References
The Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management. Indonesian disaster information data [Internet]. Jakarta: The Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management. 2019 [cited 2019 Dec 5]. Available at: http://dibi.bnpb.go.id.
Edmnds M, Grattan J, Michnowicz S. Volcanic gases: silent killers. In: Fearnley CJ, Bird DK, Haynes K, McGuire WJ, Jolly G, editors. Observing the volcano world: volcano crisis communication Advances in volcanology. Cham: Springer; 2017.
Reid CE, Brauer M, Johnston FH, Jerrett M, Balmes JR, Eliott CT. Critical review of health impacts of wildfire smoke exposure. Environ Health Perspect. 2016;124(9):1334-43. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409277
Monick MM, Baltrusaitis J, Powers LS, Borcheding JA, Caraballo JC, Mudunkotuwa I, et al. Effects of Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash on innate immune system responses and bacterial growth invitro. Environ Health Perspect. 2013;121(6): 691-8. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1206004
Esmaeil N, Gharagozloo M, Rezaei A, Grunig G. Dust events, pulmonary diseases and immune system. Am J Clin Exp Immunol. 2014;3(1): 20-9.
Sterne JA, Higgins JP, Reeves BC on behalf of the development group for ACROBAT-NRSI. A cochrane risk of bias assessment tool: for non-randomized studies of interventions (ACROBATNRSI), version 1.0.0. 2014 [cited 2019 Dec 5]. Available from: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/population-health-sciences/centres/cresyda/barr/riskofbias/robins-i/acrobat-nrsi/.
Tinling MA, West JJ, Cascio WE, Kilaru V, Rappold AG. Repeating cardiopulmonary health effects in rural North Carolina population during a second large peat wildfire. Environ Health. 2016;15:12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-016-0093-4
Rapold AG, Stone SL, Cascio WE, Neas LM, Kilaru VJ, Carraway MS, et al. Peat bog wildfire smoke exposure in rural North Carolina is associated with cardiopulmonary emergency department visits assessed through syndromic surveillance. Environ Health Perspect. 2011;119(10):1415-20. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1003206
Delfino RJ, Brummel S, Wu J, Stern H, Ostro B, Lipsett M, et al. The relationship of respiratory and cardiovascular hospital admissions to the Southern California wildfires of 2003. Occup Environ Med. 2009;66(3):189-97. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2008.041376
Johnston FH, Purdie S, Jalaludin B, Martin KL, Henderson SB, Morgan GG. Air pollution events from forest fires and emergency department attendances in Sydney, Australia 1996-2007: a case-crossover analysis. Environ Health. 2014;13:105. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-13-105
Carlsen HK, Hauksdottir A, Valdimarsdottir UA, Gíslason T, Einarsdottir G, Runolfsson H, et al. Health effects following the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption: a cohort study. BMJ Open. 2012;2(6):e001851. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001851
Tyas NM, Indawati R. An overview of acute respiratory infection cases before and after exposure to volcanic ash. J Berkala Epid. 2019;7(3):233-40. https://doi.org/10.20473/jbe.V7I32019.234-241
Xing YF, Xu YH, Shi MH, Lian YX. The impact of PM2.5 on the human respiratory system. J Thorac Dis. 2016;8(1):E69-74. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2016.01.19
Krzyzanowski M, Cohen A. Update of WHO air quality guidelines. Air Qual Atmos Hlth. 2008;1:7-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-008-0008-9
Zhang D, Tian Y, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Wang Q, Hu Y. Fine particulate air pollution and hospital utilization for upper respiratory tract infections in Beijing, China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(4):533. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040533
Gudmundsson G. Respiratory health effects of volcanic ash with special reference to Iceland. A review. Clin Respir J. 2011;5(1):2-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-699X.2010.00231.x
Trisnawati I, Budiono E, Sumardi, Setiadi A. Traumatic inhalation due to Merapi Volcanic ash. Acta Med Indones. 2015;47(3):238-43.
Budianta W. The potential impact of ash Merapi Volcano eruption 2010 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, for the environment and human health. J SE Asian Appl Geol. 2011;3(2):111-5. https://doi.org/10.22146/jag.7187
Monick MM, Baltrusaitis J, Powers LS, Borcherding JA, Caraballo JC, Mudunkotuwa I, et al. Effects of Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash on innate immune system responses and bacterial growth in vitro. Environ Health Perspect. 2013;121(6):691-8. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1206004
Sandrock C. Infectious disease after natural disaster. In: Lemonic DM. Epidemics after natural disasters. Amerian J Clin Med. 2011;8(3):144-52.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with Medical Journal of Indonesia agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant Medical Journal of Indonesia right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License that allows others to remix, adapt, build upon the work non-commercially with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in Medical Journal of Indonesia.
- Authors are permitted to copy and redistribute the journal's published version of the work non-commercially (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Medical Journal of Indonesia.
