Xanthine oxidase inhibition in SARS-CoV-2 infection: the mechanism and potency of allopurinol and febuxostat in COVID-19 management

Irandi Putra Pratomo; Anna Ariane; Aryo Tedjo; Rudi Heryanto; Rafika Indah Paramita

doi:10.13181/mji.rev.204641

Authors

Irandi Putra Pratomo Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok, Indonesia; Bioinformatics Core Facilities, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute-Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0826-3967
Anna Ariane Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunksumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
Aryo Tedjo Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Drug Development Research Cluster, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute-Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8998-3418
Rudi Heryanto Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas IPB, Bogor, Indonesia; Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, Universitas IPB, Bogor, Indonesia
Rafika Indah Paramita Bioinformatics Core Facilities, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute-Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8166-4479

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.rev.204641

Keywords:

COVID-19, free radicals, uric acid, xanthine oxidase

Abstract

The number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection cases has been increasing globally, including in Indonesia. Definitive therapy for COVID-19 has not yet been found; hence, repurposed drugs for COVID-19 have been considered and have been practiced by several researchers in the world. This literature review investigates the action of xanthine oxidase as a component of the biomolecular pathway against severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2, the cause of COVID-19, and describes the mechanism and potential of uric acid drugs (allopurinol and febuxostat) as prophylaxis and curative therapy for COVID-19.

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