Effect of lycopene and metformin combination on phagocytosis, glycemic control, and oxidative stress in rats with type 2 diabetes

Medina Sianturi; Neni  Susilaningsih; Heri Nugroho; Nyoman Suci; Tri Nur Kristina; Maria Suryani

doi:10.13181/mji.oa.236774

Authors

Medina Sianturi Department of Nursing, STIKES Elisabeth Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia; Doctoral of Medical Science and Health Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3914-375X
Neni Susilaningsih Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1960-507X
Heri Nugroho Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
Nyoman Suci Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4083-1293
Tri Nur Kristina Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4336-1450
Maria Suryani Department of Nursing, STIKES Elisabeth Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8867-8339

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.oa.236774

Keywords:

glycemic control, lycopene, metformin, oxidative stress, phagocytosis

Abstract

BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress cause phagocytosis dysfunction in patients with diabetes. A combination of lycopene and metformin can reduce oxidative stress and blood glucose. This study aimed to determine the effect of combined lycopene and metformin on phagocytosis function, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and advanced glycation end products (AGEs).

METHODS A randomized controlled study was conducted in rats at the Center for Food and Nutrition Studies, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from August to September 2022. 30 rats were divided into control (n = 5) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (n = 25) groups. Rats in the T2DM group were induced by a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin-nicotinamide. The 25 rats were then divided into five subgroups: 1 ml coconut oil (DM), 250 mg/kg metformin in 1 ml coconut oil (DMet), 250 mg/kg metformin + 10 mg/kg lycopene in 1 ml coconut oil (DML-10), 250 mg/kg metformin + 20 mg/kg lycopene in 1 ml coconut oil (DML-20), and 250 mg/kg metformin + 40 mg/kg lycopene in 1 ml coconut oil (DML-40). Treatments were administered daily for 4 weeks. The macrophage phagocytosis index (PI), HbA1c levels, ROS, NO, and AGEs serum were evaluated.

RESULTS There was a significant difference in the PI, HbA1c, NO, ROS, and AGEs between the groups (p<0.001). The DML-20 and DML-40 groups had significantly increased PI and decreased NO, ROS, and AGEs levels than metformin alone (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS Lycopene combined with metformin could improve phagocytosis function, glycemic control, and oxidative stress.

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