Effect of <em>arum manis</em> mango peel extract on cholesterol and triglyceride levels in dyslipidemic Sprague-Dawley rats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.oa.236960Keywords:
cholestyramine, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, mango, pectin, triglycerideAbstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is characterized by an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride (TG) levels and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Cholestyramine as an antidyslipidemia has several side effects, so an alternative is needed. Pectin is a natural substance with a mechanism of action similar to that of cholestyramine. Mango peel is one of the sources of pectin, containing 10–15% of this substance. This study aimed to prove the effect of arum manis mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel extract on LDL, HDL, and TG levels in dyslipidemic Sprague-Dawley rats.
METHODS 25 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups. All groups were given high-fat diet for the first 18 days, followed by standard feed (negative control group), cholestyramine (Sequest®) 80 mg/200 g body weight (standard treatment group), and mango peel extract (M-90 [90 mg/day], M-180 [180 mg/day], and M-360 [360 mg/day] groups) for the next 15 days. LDL and HDL levels were analyzed using the cholesterol oxidase-phenyl aminopyrazolone method and TG level using the glycerol-3-phosphate-oxidase-phenol-aminophenazone method.
RESULTS The M-360 group reduced the LDL level (p = 0.015), while the standard treatment group increased the HDL level (p = 0.042). Although significant TG level changes were found in the negative control, standard treatment, and M-360 groups (p = 0.042), the mean differences of LDL, HDL, and TG levels between groups were not significantly different (p = 0.245, 0.328, and 0.454, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS M. indica peel extract reduced LDL and TG levels at 360 mg/day.
Downloads
References
Shenoy C, Shenoy MM, Rao GK. Dyslipidemia in dermatological disorders. N Am J Med Sci. 2015;7(10):421-8. https://doi.org/10.4103/1947-2714.168657
Gitawati R, Widowati L, Suharyanto F. [The use of jamu in patients with hyperlipidemia based on data from the medical record, in some health care facilities, in Indonesia]. Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia. 2015;5(1):41-8. Indonesian. https://doi.org/10.22435/jki.v5i1.4090.41-48
Nishida S, Horinouchi A, Higashimura Y, Akahori R, Matsumoto K. Cholestyramine, a bile acid sequestrant, increases cecal short chain fatty acids and intestinal immunoglobulin a in mice. Biol Pharm Bull. 2020;43(3):565-8. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b19-00923
Alexander C, Guard BC, Suchodolski JS, Swanson KS. Cholestyramine decreases apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility and alters fecal characteristics and metabolites of healthy adult dogs. J Anim Sci. 2019;97(3):1020-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky437
Chen Y, Xu C, Huang R, Song J, Li D, Xia M. Butyrate from pectin fermentation inhibits intestinal cholesterol absorption and attenuates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Nutr Biochem. 2018;56:175-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.02.011
Minzanova ST, Mironov VF, Arkhipova DM, Khabibullina AV, Mironova LG, Zakirova YM, et al. Biological activity and pharmacological application of pectic polysaccharides: a review. Polymers (Basel). 2018;10(12):1407. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10121407
Suleria HA, Barrow C. Bioactive compounds from plant origin: extraction, applications, and potential health benefits. 1st ed. New York: Apple Academic Press; 2019.
Nurman Z, Masrul M, Sastri S. [Effect of apple (Malus sylvestris Mill) pectin on LDL cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemia male white rats (Rattus Novergicus)]. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas. 2017;6(3):679-84. Indonesian. https://doi.org/10.25077/jka.v6i3.757
Nurmila, Nurhaeni, Ridhay A. [Extraction and characterization of pectin from Harumanis mango peels with various temperatures and times]. KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia. 2019;5(1):58-67. Indonesian. https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2019.v5.i1.11377
Hu W, Cassard AM, Ciocan D. Pectin in metabolic liver disease. Nutrients. 2022;15(1):157. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15010157
Indra LP, Tjahjono K, Setyawati A. [The effect of mangosteen pericarp extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) and simvastatin on LDL cholesterol level in Sprague-Dawley rats serum with high lipid diets]. Jurnal Media Medika Muda. 2014. Indonesian.
Heriansyah T. [The effect of various durations of high-fat diet administration on the lipid profile of male white rats (Rattus novergicus wistar strain)]. Jurnal Kedokteran Syiah Kuala. 2013;13(3):144-50. Indonesian.
Nurhidajah, Astuti R, Nurrahman. Black rice potential in HDL and LDL profile in Sprague Dawley rat with high cholesterol diet. IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci. 2019;292:012019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/292/1/012019
Tsalissavrina I, Wahono D, Handayani D. [The influence of high-carbohydrate diet administration in comparison with high-fat diet toward triglyceride and HDL level in blood on Rattus novergicus strain wistar]. Junal Kedokteran Brawijaya. 2006;22(2):80-9. Indonesian. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkb.2006.022.02.5
Nurmawati T. [The correlation of weight and blood cholesterol levels of white rat (Rattus Norvegicus) with high-fat diet]. Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan. 2016;3(3):202-6. Indonesian. https://doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v3i3.ART.p202-206
Vigne JL, Lairon D, Borel P, Portugal H, Pauli AM, Hauton JC, et al. Effect of pectin, wheat bran and cellulose on serum lipids and lipoproteins in rats fed on a low- or high-fat diet. Br J Nutr. 1987;58(3):405-13. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19870109
Elhardallou SB, Babiker WA, Sulieman AM, Gobouri AA. Effect of diet supplementation with food industry by-products on diabetic rats. Food Nutr Sci. 2015;06(10):875-82. https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2015.610092
Garbarino S, Magnavita N. Work stress and metabolic syndrome in police officers. A prospective study. PLoS One. 2015;10(12):e0144318. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144318
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with Medical Journal of Indonesia agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant Medical Journal of Indonesia right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License that allows others to remix, adapt, build upon the work non-commercially with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in Medical Journal of Indonesia.
- Authors are permitted to copy and redistribute the journal's published version of the work non-commercially (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Medical Journal of Indonesia.
