Effect of a high-calorie diet on pro- to anti-inflammatory macrophage ratio through fat accumulation in rat lung tissue
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.oa.236991Keywords:
high-calorie, lung, macrophagesAbstract
BACKGROUND A high-calorie diet increases the risk of obesity. Accumulation of fat causes inflammation, as seen by the increased ratio of pro- to anti-inflammatory macrophages in a high-calorie diet. The pro-inflammatory shift in macrophage polarization may result in hypoxia, fibrosis, emphysema, and asthma. This study aimed to determine the effect of a high-calorie diet on pro- to anti-inflammatory macrophage ratio through fat accumulation.
METHODS This experimental study used in vivo test in 16 male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 10–12 weeks. The rats were divided into high-calorie and normal diet groups for 16 weeks. Obesity in rats was defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of >0.68 g/cm2. Examination of lung fat accumulation was done through oil red O staining, while pro- to anti-inflammatory macrophage ratio was tested through CD11c and CD206 expressions by immunohistochemical method.
RESULTS The high-calorie diet group had higher BMI (0.72 [0.02] versus 0.62 [0.03]; p<0.001), lung fat accumulation (32.73 [10.55] versus 0.37 [0.38]; p<0.001), and pro- to anti-inflammatory macrophage ratio (0.83 [0.02] versus 0.24 [0.006]; p<0.001). The higher the fat accumulation, the higher the pro- to anti-inflammatory macrophage ratio (r = 0.933; p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS The ratio of pro- to anti-inflammatory was higher in the high-calorie diet group, indicating polarization of macrophages toward pro-inflammatory macrophages.
Downloads
References
Luo L, Liu M. Adipose tissue in control of metabolism. J Endocrinol. 2016;231(3):R77-99. https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-16-0211
Lee HW, Kim KJ, Jung KS, Chon YE, Huh JH, Park KH, et al. The relationship between visceral obesity and hepatic steatosis measured by controlled attenuation parameter. PLoS One. 2017;12(10):e0187066. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187066
Pabon MA, Ma KC, Choi AM. Autophagy and obesity-related lung disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2016;54(5):636-46. https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2016-0045PS
Kabra SK. Mechanisms and manifestations of obesity in lung disease. Indian J Med Res. 2019;150(4):423. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_954_19
Novelli EL, Diniz YS, Galhardi CM, Ebaid GM, Rodrigues HG, Mani F, et al. Anthropometrical parameters and markers of obesity in rats. Lab Anim. 2007;41(1):111-9. https://doi.org/10.1258/002367707779399518
Fujiwara N, Kobayashi K. Macrophages in inflammation. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy. 2005;4(3):281-6. https://doi.org/10.2174/1568010054022024
Pappas K, Papaioannou AI, Kostikas K, Tzanakis N. The role of macrophages in obstructive airways disease: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Cytokine. 2013;64(3):613-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2013.09.010
Hariri N, Thibault L. High-fat diet-induced obesity in animal models. Nutr Res Rev. 2010;23(2):270-99. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422410000168
Ruggiero AD, Key CC, Kavanagh K. Adipose tissue macrophage polarization in healthy and unhealthy obesity. Front Nutr. 2021;8:625331. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.625331
Tashiro H, Takahashi K, Sadamatsu H, Kato G, Kurata K, Kimura S, et al. Saturated fatty acid increases lung macrophages and augments house dust mite-induced airway inflammation in mice fed with high-fat diet. Inflammation. 2017;40(3):1072-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-017-0550-4
Liu H, Bai C, Xian F, Liu S, Long C, Hu L, et al. A high-calorie diet aggravates LPS-induced pneumonia by disturbing the gut microbiota and Th17/Treg balance. J Leukoc Biol. 2022;112(1):127-41. https://doi.org/10.1002/JLB.3MA0322-458RR
Yao J, Wu D, Qiu Y. Adipose tissue macrophage in obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Front Immunol. 2022;13:977485. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.977485
Trayhurn P. Hypoxia and adipose tissue function and dysfunction in obesity. Physiol Rev. 2013;93(1):1-21. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00017.2012
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with Medical Journal of Indonesia agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant Medical Journal of Indonesia right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License that allows others to remix, adapt, build upon the work non-commercially with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in Medical Journal of Indonesia.
- Authors are permitted to copy and redistribute the journal's published version of the work non-commercially (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Medical Journal of Indonesia.
