Hematologic profile of hemoglobin constant spring and its co-inheritance with hemoglobin C: a case report

Authors

  • Sumaiyah Adzahar Department of Pathology and Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
  • Sharifah Sakinah Syed Abdul Rahman Department of Pathology and Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
  • Mohammad Hudzaifah Nordin Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
  • Nabilah Rameli Pathology Unit, Hospital Dungun, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.cr.257664

Keywords:

alpha-thalassemia, beta-globins, capillary, chromatography, electrophoresis

Abstract

Hemoglobin constant spring (Hb CS) is an alpha-globin variant characterized by an elongated alpha chain due to a mutation that leads to unstable hemoglobin (Hb) levels. Hemoglobin C (Hb C) is a beta-globin variant associated with mild hemolytic anemia. The co-inheritance of Hb CS and Hb C is uncommon and presents distinct hematologic features. We report the case of a 7-year-old Malaysian male who developed acute polyarthritis due to streptococcal infection. Routine blood tests revealed microcytic hypochromic anemia, suggestive of a thalassemia trait. Hb analysis via high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis detected low hemoglobin A levels with an additional peak in the Hb C zone. DNA analysis confirmed compound heterozygosity for Hb CS and Hb C. Family screening revealed that the mother is an Hb C carrier, and the father is an Hb CS carrier. This case report examined the hematological profile of a patient with this genetic combination.

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References

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Published

2025-03-27

How to Cite

1.
Adzahar S, Rahman SSSA, Nordin MH, Rameli N. Hematologic profile of hemoglobin constant spring and its co-inheritance with hemoglobin C: a case report. Med J Indones [Internet]. 2025 Mar. 27 [cited 2025 Apr. 2];34(1):71-4. Available from: https://mji.ui.ac.id/journal/index.php/mji/article/view/7664

Issue

Section

Case Report/Series