The combination of Acalypha indica–Centella asiatica extracts decreases the neuronal damage in hypoxia-induced hippocampal injury animal model
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.v27i3.1697Keywords:
Acalypha indica L., Centella asiatica L., dentate gyrus, hypoxia, neurotherapyAbstract
Background: Approximately 80–85% of strokes are ischemic and lead to alterations in neuronal cell morphology and cell death. There is a lack of studies on the effect of the combination of Acalypha indica L. (AI) and Centella asiatica L. (CA) in terms of its neurotherapy property. This study was conducted to investigate the neurotherapeutic effect of the combination of AI–CA extracts in improving ratâs hippocampal neuron injury post-hypoxia.
Methods: A total of 36 Sprague-Dawley rats were categorized into six groups and placed in a hypoxia chamber for 7 consecutive days. Then, they were moved to normoxia cages and treated for 7 consecutive days as follows: control group without treatment as a negative control; treatment groups were administered citicoline 50 mg/kgBW as a positive control; three different dose combinations of AI150–CA150, AI200–CA150, and AI250–CA150 mg/kgBW, respectively. Histological analyses were performed to assess the improvement in nerve cell damage in the hippocampus.
Results: Treatment with citicoline significantly decreased the damage of nerve cells (30.8%); the combination of the AI–CA extracts of AI150–CA150, AI200–CA150, and AI250–CA150 also significantly decreased the damage of nerve cells (36%, 36.4%, and 30.4%, respectively) compared to the control rats (15.4%).
Conclusion: The combination of AI–CA extracts decreased the neuronal damage in the hypoxia-induced hippocampal injury animal model. The improvement effect of the combination of AI–CA extracts was not significantly different to citicoline.
Downloads
References
Litbangkes Depkes RI. Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013. [Cited 2014 Feb 8]. Available from: http://labdata.litbang.depkes.go.id/riset-badan-litbangkes/374-rkd-2013. Indonesian.
Jacobs BL, van Praag H, Gage FH. Adult brain neurogenesis and psychiatry: a novel theory of depression. Mol Psychiatry. 2000;5(3):262–9.
Aimone JB. Adult neurogenesis. Scholar Pedia. 2007;2(2):2100.
Álvarez-Sabín J, Román GC. The role of citicoline in neuroprotection and neurorepair in ischemic stroke. Brain Sci. 2013;3(3):1395–414.
Martindale (ed). Citicoline. In: Martindale`s the Extra Pharmacopea. 31st ed.1995.p1742.
Purwaningsih EH, Ibrahim N, Zain H, Tedjo A. Neuro-protection and neuro-therapy effects of Acalypha indica Linn. water extract ex vivo on musculus gastrocnemius Frog. Makara Journal of Health Research. 2008;12(2):70–5.
Purwaningsih EP, Ibrahim N, Zain H. The nerve protection and in vivo therapeutic effect of Acalypha indica extract in frogs. Med J Indones. 2010;19(2):96–102.
Halim HDP, Ibrahim N. Efek neuroprotektif ekstrak akar Acalypha indica 500 mg/kgBB terhadap perubahan inti sel saraf hipokampus pascahipoksia serebri. eJKI. 2013;1(2):113–7.
Veerendra Kumar MH, Gupta YK. Effect of different extracts of Centella asiatica on cognition and markers of oxidative stress in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002;79(2):253–60.
Anissa RF. Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak air daun pegagan (Centella asiatica Linn.) terhadap kemampuan kognitif dan kadar neurotrasmiter monoamin pada hipokampus tikus galur Wistar jantan dewasa [Unpublished thesis]. Institut Teknologi Bandung. 2006. Indonesian.
Suswati L. Perbaikan neuron hipokampus pascahipoksia serebri dengan penggunaan ekstrak air akar tanaman akar kucing (Acalypha indica L.). Tesis. Universitas Indonesia Library. 2010. [Cited 2014 Feb 8] Available from http://lib.ui.ac.id/abstrakpdf.jsp?id=20339828&lokasi=lokal
Powell FL. Functional genomics and the comparative physiology of hypoxia. Annu Rev Physiol. 2003;65(1):203–30.
Semenza GL. Hydroxylation of HIF-1: oxygen sensing at the molecular level. Physiology. 2004;19(4):176–82.
Agani FH, Pichiule P, Chavez JC, LaManna JC. The role of mitochondria in the regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 expression during hypoxia. J Biol Chem. 2000;275(46):35863–7.
Zepeda AB, Pessoa Jr A, Castillo RL, Figueroa CA, Pulgar VM, Farías JG. Cellular and molecular mechanisms in the hypoxic tissue: Role of HIF-1 and ROS. Cell Biochem Funct. 2013;31(6):451–9.
Michiels C. Physiological and pathological responses to hypoxia. Am J Pathol. 2004;164(6):1875–82.
Kumar, Nirmalababurao, Rani AR. Antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening of Acalypha indica crude leaf extract. I J Pharm Clin Res. 2016;8(6):583–8.
Shanmugapriya R, Ramanathan T, Thirunavukkarasu P. Evaluation of antioxidant potential and antibacterial activity of Acalypha indica Linn. using in vitro model. Asian J Biomed Pharm Sci. 2011;1(1):18–22.
Rahman M, Hossain S, Rahaman A, Fatima N, Nahar T, Uddin B, et al. Antioxidant activity of Centella asiatica (Linn.) urban: impact of extraction solvent polarity. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2013;1(6):27–32.
Mohamed NA, Abdou HM. The hypoglicemic and antioxidative effects of Centella asiatica againts STZ-induced diabetic disorders in rats. Int J Pharma Bio Sci. 2015;6(2):621–33.
Dutta S, Mariappan G, Dipankar S. Anti-inflammatory effect of chloroform and aqueous extract of Acalypha indica Linn. against carrageenan induced paw edema in Wistar albino rats. J Herb Med Toxicol. 2010;4(1):153–6.
Yolanda S, Andraini T, Kusuma I. Acalypha indica root extract increases post-hypoxic rat hippocampal tissue culture cell viability via phospholipase A2 inhibition. Med J Indones. 2013:22(3);136–40.
Somchit MN, Sulaiman MR, Zuraini A, Samsuddin L, Somchit N, Israf DA, et al. Antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effects of Centella asiatica. Indian J Pharmacol. 2004;36(6):377–80.
Yulianti L, Bramono K, Mardliyati E, Freisleben H-J. Effects of Centella asiatica ethanolic extract encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles on proliferation activity of skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes, type I and III collagen synthesis and aquaporin 3 expression in vitro. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2016;06(05):315–27.
Sunanda BP, Latha K, Rammohan B, Uma MS, Surapaneni KM. Evaluation of the neuroprotective effects of Centella asiatica against scopolamine induced cognitive impairment in mice. Indian J Pharm Educ. 2014;48(4):31–4.
Loewe S. (1953). The problem of synergism and antagonism of combined drugs. Arzneimittelforschung 3. p.285–90.
Tallarida RJ. Drug combinations: tests and analysis with Isoboles. Curr Protoc Pharmacol. 2016;72(1):9.19.1–9.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with Medical Journal of Indonesia agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant Medical Journal of Indonesia right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License that allows others to remix, adapt, build upon the work non-commercially with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in Medical Journal of Indonesia.
- Authors are permitted to copy and redistribute the journal's published version of the work non-commercially (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Medical Journal of Indonesia.
