Body mass index, total cholesterol, and ratio total to HDL cholesterol were determinants of metabolic syndrome in the Indonesian elderly

Abstract

Available data on metabolic syndrome amongst the aged Indonesian population are limited, despite the importance of these data for cardio vascular disease (CVD) preventive measures. The objective of this study was to assess prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the associations between anthropometric measurements,  lipid profiles,  blood pressure,  nutrient intakes and physical activity and metabolic syndrome in the elderly. A cross-sectional study was undertaken from January to April 2000 at selected Public Health Centers in Jakarta using multistage random sampling. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements,  biochemical blood analysis, nutrient intake assessment and activity index. The subjects consisted of 352 females and 137 males. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among  females  was  18.2%  and  6.6%  in  males.  This  study  shows  metabolic  syndrome  was  associated  with  gender,  body  mass  index,  totalcholesterol  and the  ratio  of  total  to  HDL-cholesterol.  Elderly  who  were  overweight  based  on  body  mass  index  (BMI)  had  almost  a four-fold increased risk for metabolic syndrome  (adjusted odds ratio = 3.98; 95%  confidence interval 2.23 -7.10). Those who had plasmatotal cholesterol ≥ 240 mg/dl had a 2.7 times greater risk of having metabolic syndrome than those with plasma total cholesterol < 240mg/dl. Furthermore,  in  terms  of  the  ratio  of  total  to  HDL  cholesterol,  those  who  had  a  ratio  ≥  5  compared  to  a  ratio  <  5  had  two-fold increased risk for metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, this study shows the importance of routine checks of lipid profile, blood pressureand simple anthropometric assessment to detect the risk of metabolic syndrome in the elderly.(Med J Indones 2007; 16:195-200)