Proportion of influenza cases in severe acute respiratory illness in Indonesia during 2008-2009
Abstract
Aim: To access the proportion of Influenza which caused SARI cases
Methods: From April 2008 until March 2009, 549 samples of nasal and throat swabs were collected from SARI patients from eight hospitals in eight provinces in Indonesia. The samples were analyzed for Influenza by real-time RT-PCR method using several specific primers for influenza A (A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and A/H5N1) and Influenza B. The sequence of these primers was provided by CDC, Atlanta.
Results: We found 516 (94%) of the specimens testing results were not infl uenza A or B viruses. There was 21 (4%) cases caused by influenza A and 12 (2%) caused by influenza B. From the influenza A cases, one case of SARI was caused by A/H1N1, two cases were A/H5N1, 17 cases were A/H3N2 and one case was unsubtypeable Influenza A.
Conclusion: The majority of SARI cases were not caused by influenza viruses. From this surveillance the most common influenza A related to SARI is A/H3N2. Facts of the avian influenza virus A/H5N1 cases have been found in Indonesia and the spread of novel virus influenza A/H1N1 in 2009 raised our concern about the importance of SARI surveillance. (Med J Indones 2010; 19:264-7)
References
Cox NJ, Subbarao K. Global Epidemiology of Infl uenza:Past and Present. Ann Rev of Med. 2000; 51: 407-21
Chan PK. Outbreak of avian infl uenzaA (H5N1) virus infection in Hong Kong 1997. Clin Infect Dis. 2002; 34 Suppl 2: S58-64
World Health Organization (WHO). 2009. Avian Influenza – situation in Indonesia ( updated 22 January 2009 cited 8 June 2009) Available from : http://www.who.int/vaccine_research/diseases/ari/en/index1.html.
Nicholson KG, Webster RG, Hay AJ. Text Book of Infl uenza. Blackwell Science Ltd. London. 1998. p:194
Peiris JSM, De Jong MD, Guan Y. Avian Infl uenza Virus (H5N1): a Threat to Human Health. Clin Microbiol. 2007;20(2): 243-67
Hayden FG, Palese P. Infl uenza Virus. In: Richman, D.D., R.J. Whitley, and F.G. Hayden. Clinical Virology 2nd ed. ASM Press. Washington. 2002. p:904
Kaji M, Watanabe A, Aizawa H. Differences in clinical features between infl uenza A H1N1, A H3N2, and B in adult patients. Respirology. 2003; 8(2):231-3
Persing DH, Tenover FC, Versalovic J, Tang YW, Unger ER, Relman DA, et al. Molecular Microbiology. Diagnostic Principles and Practice. ASM Press. Washington. 2004. pp : 71-3
Simonsen L, Fukuda K, Schonberger LB, Cox NJ. The Impact of Infl uenza Epidemics on Hospitalizations. J Inf Dis. 2000; 181:831-7
Beckett CG, Kosasih H, Ma'roef C, Listiyaningsih E, Elyazar IR, Wuryadi S, et al. 2004. Infl uenza Surveillance in Indonesia : 1999-2003. Clin Infect Dis. 2004. 39:443-9
Copyright (c) 2010 Ririn Ramadhany, Vivi Setiawaty, Holy A. Wibowo, Dewi Lokida
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Medical Journal of Indonesia agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant Medical Journal of Indonesia right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License that allows others to remix, adapt, build upon the work non-commercially with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in Medical Journal of Indonesia.
- Authors are permitted to copy and redistribute the journal's published version of the work non-commercially (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Medical Journal of Indonesia.
