Zoom fatigue and its risk factors in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic

Jonathan Salim; Sutiono Tandy; Jannatin Nisa Arnindita; Jacobus Jeno Wibisono; Moses Rizky Haryanto; Maria Georgina Wibisono

doi:10.13181/mji.oa.225703

Authors

Jonathan Salim Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2956-4478
Sutiono Tandy Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1947-6810
Jannatin Nisa Arnindita Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3103-6239
Jacobus Jeno Wibisono Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Siloam Hospital Lippo Village, Tangerang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2391-9063
Moses Rizky Haryanto Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1894-8866
Maria Georgina Wibisono Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0129-7873

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.oa.225703

Keywords:

fatigue, Indonesia, mental illness, online education, risk factors

Abstract

BACKGROUND Global nations have enforced strict health protocols because of the COVID-19’s high transmission, infectivity, and mortality. As shown by increased online learning and video conferencing, the employment and education sectors are shifting to home-based activities. Video conferencing as a communication medium has subtly led to zoom fatigue. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors of zoom fatigue for early prevention and treatment.

METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 335 Indonesian university students selected by purposive sampling in July 2021. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire including online courses duration during the COVID-19 pandemic; Pittsburgh sleep quality index; depression, anxiety and stress scale-21; and zoom & exhaustion fatigue (ZEF) scale through Google Form (Google LLC, USA) distributed via social media and student forums. Association and correlation tests were used, and the model was developed using linear regression.

RESULTS The respondents were aged 21.3 (1.8) years with 12.8 (5.1) months of online courses during the COVID-19 pandemic and a ZEF scale of 2.8 (0.9). Students with higher ZEF had irregular physical exercise, poorer sleep quality, longer video conferencing sessions, longer months of courses during the COVID-19 pandemic, and higher mental illness (i.e., stress, anxiety, and depression). Smoking negatively correlated with fatigue (r = −0.12). The model for ZEF showed good predictability for zoom fatigue (p<0.001, R² = 0.57).

CONCLUSIONS Daily exposure to video conferencing in educational settings throughout the pandemic has drastically increased zoom fatigue. The stakeholders must act immediately to minimize the risks while providing maximum benefits.

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