Comparative efficacy of intravenous levetiracetam and phenytoin in status epilepticus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.oa.236685
Keywords: levetiracetam, phenytoin, status epilepticus
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Abstract

BACKGROUND Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency, with the current guidelines for second-line anticonvulsants may include phenytoin, levetiracetam, valproic acid, and phenobarbital. However, some studies suggest that levetiracetam may be better at stopping seizures in SE. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of intravenous (IV) levetiracetam and phenytoin in SE.

METHODS We searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and Google Scholar for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on administering IV levetiracetam or phenytoin in patients with SE. RCTs were screened using eligibility criteria, and their quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² test, and publication bias was evaluated using Egger’s test. All analyses were performed using Review Manager version 5.4 (The Cochrane Collaboration, UK) and Stata 17 (StataCorp LLC, USA).

RESULTS 12 RCTs involving 2,137 patients (1,099 receiving levetiracetam) met the inclusion criteria. Pooled analysis showed that levetiracetam therapy had a significantly higher rate of seizure cessation than phenytoin (RR: 1.10, 95% CI = 1.05−1.14, p = 0.02, I² = 51%). Less adverse events were observed in the levetiracetam group (9.34%) than in the phenytoin group (11.62%; RR: 0.82, 95% CI = 0.66–1.02, p = 0.07). However, there was no significant difference regarding IV levetiracetam or phenytoin administration with the incidence of admission to critical care (RR: 1.01; 95% CI = 0.93–1.10, p = 0.80) and mortality (RR: 1.08; 95% CI = 0.54–2.15; p = 0.82).

CONCLUSIONS IV levetiracetam was significantly better in the cessation of seizures in SE patients than phenytoin.

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Published
2023-07-18
How to Cite
1.
Tasya GA, Djatmiko NI, Rahman FHF, Rahmawati VK. Comparative efficacy of intravenous levetiracetam and phenytoin in status epilepticus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Med J Indones [Internet]. 2023Jul.18 [cited 2024May17];32(1):45-1. Available from: http://mji.ui.ac.id/journal/index.php/mji/article/view/6685
Issue
Vol. 32 No. 1 (2023): March
Section
Clinical Research

Copyright (c) 2023 Galuh Anis Tasya, Nadhira Iriani Djatmiko, Farhan Haidar Fazlur Rahman, Vita Kusuma Rahmawati

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