Compliance in doing Senam Kesegaran Jasmani 1988 exercise improves cardiorespiratory endurance of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder children
Abstract
Background: Physical exercise was hypothesized to be able to improve the behavior of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by improving attention and concentration. Several studies mentioned that physical exercise could make ADHD children calmer, not only as a supportive therapy, but also as a therapeutic therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of physical exercise to the behavior of ADHD patients and to analyze the effects of Senam Kesegaran Jasmani 1988 (SKJ 88) exercise compliance to the cardiorespiratory endurance in ADHD children.
Methods: This study was an experimental study with 40 subjects from a special needs school in Tangerang, Indonesia. Subjects were given SKJ 88 exercise for 8 weeks, and the level of cardiorespiratory endurance was assessed with 600 m run before and after intervention.
Results: 21 subjects (52.5%) were compliant, and the rest were very compliant. Although statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in cardiorespiratory endurance before and after intervention, the mean results of cardiorespiratory endurance test before intervention was higher than after. Mean time spent in the 600-m run before intervention was 497.9 seconds (SD 73.53), and after intervention was 313.7 seconds (SD 43.28).
Conclusion: Based on the statistical test, we concluded that there was significant decrease of time spent for cardiorespiratory endurance test (p<0.001). The reduction of time taken to run 600 m by 184.3 seconds (SD 73.33) showed the improvement of cardiorespiratory endurance after the treatment.
References
Delphie B. Pendidikan Anak Autistik. Edition 1. Sleman: KTSP; 2009. Indonesian.
Paternote A, Buitelaar J. ADHD – Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorde (Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian dan Hiperaktivitas), tanda-tanda, diagnosis, terapi, serta penanganannya di rumah dan di sekolah. Edition 1. Jakarta: Prenada; 2010. p. 110–20. Indonesian.
Departemen Pemuda dan Olahraga RI. Petunjuk pelaksanaan senam kesegaran jasmani. Buletin Departemen Pemuda dan Olahraga RI; 1988. Indonesian.
American College of Sports Medicine. Guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 7th ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2006. p. 237–45.
Nieman DC. Physical fitness defined. In: Barrosse E, editor. Exercise testing and prescription. 6th ed. Iowa: Mc Graw Hill Companies. 2007. p. 30–43.
Departemen Kesehatan RI. Petunjuk teknis pengukuran kebugaran jasmani. Buletin Departemen Kesehatan RI; 2005. Indonesian.
Saputro D. ADHD (Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder). Print 1. Jakarta: Sagung Seto; 2009. Indonesian.
Dwayer T, Sallis J, Blizzard L, Lazarus R, Dean K. Relation of Academic Performance to physical Activity and Fitness in Children. Pediatr Exercise Science. 2001;13:225–38. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.13.3.225
American Academy of Pediatrics Committee of Quality Improvement Subcommittee on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Clinical practice guideline: Treatment of the school-aged child with attention deficit/hyperactivity Disorder. Pediatrics. 2001; 108(4):1033–44. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.108.4.1033
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Internet]. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). 2010 [cited Des 26, 2010]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/conditions.html.
Cahyani N. Latihan jasmani untuk anak-anak. In: Indonesia sehat, Indonesia bugar – Seri latihan jasmani untuk perempuan dan anak-anak. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FKUI; 2008. p. 34–48. Indonesian.
Cairney J, Hay JA, Faught BE, Flouris A, Klentrou P. Developmental coordination disorder and cardiorespiratory fitness in children. Pediatric Exercise Science [Internet]. 2007 [cited Des 26, 2010]; 19:20-8. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17554154
Wu SK, Lin HH, Li YC, Tsai CL, Cairney J. Cardiopulmonary fitness and endurance in children with developmental coordination disorder. Res Dev Disabil. 2010;31(2):345–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2009.09.018
Tsai CL, Chen WEI, Li YC, Wu SK. Physical fitness in children with developmental coordination disorder. Health Promotion Science. 2006;1:25–37.
Tamin TZ. Model dan efektivitas latihan endurans untuk peningkatan kebugaran penyandang disabilitas intelektual dengan obesitas [Disertasi]. Jakarta: Medicine Faculty of Universitas Indonesia; 2009. Indonesian.
Kaplan-Liss E, Renna ME. Exercise in children "Exercise is a family affair". In: Jonas S, Phillips EM, editors. ACSM's exercise is medicine: A clinician's guide to exercise prescription. USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkin. 2009; p. 230–44.
Matos N, Winsley RJ. Trainability of young athletes and overtraining. J Sports Sci Med. 2007;6(3):353–67.
Mirtha LT. Pengaruh Kepatuhan Latihan Senam Kesegaran Jasmani 1988 Terhadap Perilaku Anak dengan Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian/Hiperaktivitas. Sari Pediatr. 2016;18(2):147. Indonesian. https://doi.org/10.14238/sp18.2.2016.146-56
Copyright (c) 2018 Listya T. Mirtha, Rini Sekartini
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Medical Journal of Indonesia agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant Medical Journal of Indonesia right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License that allows others to remix, adapt, build upon the work non-commercially with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in Medical Journal of Indonesia.
- Authors are permitted to copy and redistribute the journal's published version of the work non-commercially (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Medical Journal of Indonesia.
