β-endorphin response to aerobic and anaerobic exercises in Wistar male rats

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.oa.203569
Keywords: aerobic exercise, anaerobic exercise, β-endorphin
Abstract viewed: 1467 times
PDF downloaded: 999 times
HTML downloaded: 143 times
EPUB downloaded: 189 times

Abstract

BACKGROUND Physical exercise is strongly associated with the release of β-endorphin. It is assumed that the type and intensity of physical exercise contributes to the release of β-endorphin. This study aimed to compare levels of β-endorphin in brain tissue in response to aerobic and anaerobic physical exercise.

METHODS This study was an experimental laboratory study using 35 male Wistar rats divided into one control group and two physical exercise treatment groups: aerobic and anaerobic. Physical exercise was conducted on an animal treadmill running at aspeed of 20 m/min for 30 min of aerobic exercise and 35 m/min with 1-min intervals every 5 min for 20 min for anaerobic exercises. Each aerobic and anaerobic exercise group was furtherly classified into three subgroups (1×/week, 3×/week, and 7×/week). β-endorphin levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data were analyzed using independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance.

RESULTS The highest mean of β-endorphin level was found in the weekly exercise (54.45 [1.41] pg/ml) of aerobic exercise group and daily exercise (70.50 [11.67] pg/ml) of anaerobic exercise group. Mean of β-endorphin level in control group was 33.34 (3.54) pg/ml. A significant increased of β-endorphin mean level (p<0.001) was found in all aerobic and anaerobic exercise groups except the aerobic exercise 7×/week group
(37.37 [6.30] pg/ml) compared to control.

CONCLUSIONS Both aerobic and anaerobic physical exercise conducted for 6 weeks could increase the level of β-endorphin in brain tissue.

References

  1. Zulkarnain M, Flora R, Juliastuti, Apriany A, Pujiana D, Andrianti S. Hippocampal brain derived neurothropic factor levels in response to anaerobic physical exercises. IJPHS. 2017;6(2):134-9. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v6i2.6643

  2. Knab AM, Lightfoot JT. Does the difference between physically active and couch potato lie in the dopamine system? Int J Biol Sci. 2010;6(2):133-50. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.6.133

  3. Gleeson M, Walsh NP; British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences. The BASES expert statement on exercise, immunity, and infection. J Sports Sci. 2012;30(3):321-4. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.627371

  4. Nijs J, Kosek E, Van Oosterwijck J, Meeus M. Dysfunctional endogenous analgesia during exercise in patients with chronic pain: to exercise or not to exercise? Pain Physician. 2012;15(3 Suppl):ES205-13.

  5. Siswantoyo, Aman MS. The effects of breathing exercise towardIg G, beta endorphin and blood glucose secretion. APJEAS. 2014;1(4):27-31.

  6. Boecker H, Sprenger T, Spilker ME, Henriksen G, Koppenhoefer M, Wagner KJ, et al. The runners high: opioidergic mechanisms in the human brain. Cereb Cortex. 2008;18(11):2523-531. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhn013

  7. Koltyn KF, Brellenthin AG, Cook DB, Sehgal N, Hillard C. Mechanisms of exercise-induced hypoalgesia. J Pain. 2014;15(12):1294-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2014.09.006

  8. McKim WA. Drugs and behavior: an introduction to behavioral pharmacology. 5th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall; 2003.

  9. Leuenberger A. Endorphins, exercise, and addictions: a review of exercise dependence. Prem J Undergrad Pub Neuroscip. 2006.

  10. Sharifi, Hamedinia MR, Hosseini-Kakhak SA. The effect of an exhaustive aerobic, anaerobic and resistance exercise on serotonin, beta-endorphin and BDNF in students. Physical Education of Students. 2018;22(5):272-5. https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2018.0507

  11. Goutianos G, Tzioura A, Kyparos A, Paschalis V, Margaritelis NV, Veskoukis AS, et al. The rat adequately reflects human responses to exercise in blood biochemical profile: a comparative study. Physiol Rep. 2015;3(2):e12293. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12293

  12. Flora R, Zulkarnain M, Sorena E, Deva ID, Widyowati W. Correlation between hypoxia inducible factor-1? and vesicular endothelial growth factor in male wistar rat brain tissue after anaerobic exercise. Trends Med Res. 2016;11(1):35-41. https://doi.org/10.3923/tmr.2016.35.41

  13. Flora R, Theodorus T, Zulkarnain M, Juliansyah RA, Syokumawena S. Effect of aerobic and anaerobic exercise toward serotonin in rat brain tissue. J Neurobehav Sci. 2016;3(1):3-6. https://doi.org/10.5455/JNBS.1442221850

  14. Enayatjazi M, Sadeghi Dinani SS, Emami Hashemi SA. The effect of intensive exercise on beta-endorphin and serum cortisol levels in elite wrestlers. Physical Treatments. 2015;5(3):171-6. https://doi.org/10.15412/J.PTJ.07050307

  15. Fuss J, Steinle J, Bindila L, Auer MK, Kirchherr H, Lutz B, et al. A runner's high depends on cannabinoid receptors in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112(42):13105-8. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1514996112

  16. Nogueira A, Molinero O, Salguero A, Márquez S. Exercise addiction in practitioners of endurance sports: a literature review. Front Psychol. 2018;9:1484. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01484

  17. Mandolesi L, Polverino A, Montuori S, Foti F, Ferraioli G, Sorrentino P, et al. Effects of physical exercise on cognitive functioning and wellbeing: biological and psychological benefits. Front Psychol. 2018;9:509. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00509

  18. Grant G. Beta endorphins & wellness. Glob J Add & Rehab Med. 2017;1(3):0036. https://doi.org/10.19080/GJARM.2017.01.555561

  19. Sprouse-Blum AS, Smith G, Sugai D, Parsa FD. Understanding endorphins and their importance in pain management. Hawaii Med J. 2010;69(3):70-1.

  20. Sinaei M, Kargarfard M. The evaluation of BMI and serum betaendorphin levels: the study of acute exercise intervention. J Sports Med Physl Fitness. 2015;55(5):488-94.

  21. Amin FM, Aristeidou S, Baraldi C, Czapinska-Ciepiela EK, Ariadni DD, Di Lenola D, et al. The association between migraine and physical exercise. J Headache Pain. 2018;19(1):83. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-018-0902-y

  22. Saanijoki T, Tuominen L, Tuulari JJ, Nummenmaa L, Arponen E, Kalliokoski K, et al. Opioid release after high-intensity interval training in healthy human subjects. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2018;43:246-54. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2017.148

  23. Wahl P, Mathes S, Köhler K, Achtzehn S, Bloch W, Mester J. Acute metabolic, hormonal, and psychological responses to different endurance training protocols. Horm Metab Res. 2013;45(11):827-33. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1347242

Published
2020-10-05
How to Cite
1.
Flora R, Zulkarnain M, Sukirno. β-endorphin response to aerobic and anaerobic exercises in Wistar male rats . Med J Indones [Internet]. 2020Oct.5 [cited 2024Apr.20];29(3):245-9. Available from: http://mji.ui.ac.id/journal/index.php/mji/article/view/3569
Issue
Vol. 29 No. 3 (2020): September
Section
Basic Medical Research

Copyright (c) 2020 rostika flora, Mohammad Zulkarnain, Sukirno Sukirno

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with Medical Journal of Indonesia agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant Medical Journal of Indonesia right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License that allows others to remix, adapt, build upon the work non-commercially with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in Medical Journal of Indonesia.
  2. Authors are permitted to copy and redistribute the journal's published version of the work non-commercially (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Medical Journal of Indonesia.