Vitamin D levels and depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a cross-sectional study

  • Rudi Putranto Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7950-7706
  • Kresna Adhiatma Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Tri Juli Edi Tarigan Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Cleopas Martin Rumende Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Hamzah Shatri Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1393-9669
  • Iris Rengganis Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Pringgodigdo Nugroho Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Ikhwan Rinaldi Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6872-8802
Keywords: depression, type 2 diabetes mellitus, vitamin D level
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Abstract

BACKGROUND The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing and commonly accompanied by comorbidities, such as depression. Vitamin D levels have been associated with T2DM and depression although the mechanism is uncertain. This study aimed to compare vitamin D levels between patients with T2DM with and without depression in the Indonesian community, where such research is rare.

METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The participants who met the inclusion criteria on an outpatient basis were screened for depression using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) questionnaire and then divided into 2 groups: patients with T2DM with (BDI-II ≥14) and without (BDI-II <14) depression. Both groups were examined for vitamin D levels using the ELISA method, and an analysis of the mean difference between both groups was performed.

RESULTS Of 60 patients, 23 (38%) experienced depression. The median vitamin D levels were 21.8 ng/ml (IQR 14.9–26.6) in the depression group and 26.5 ng/ml (IQR 23.96–34.08) in the non-depression group (p = 0.001). After performing multivariate analysis with confounding variables, the adjusted OR of variables (sex, sun exposure score, and body mass index) was 1.123 (95% CI: 1.003–1.259; p = 0.045).

CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in patients with T2DM with depression. Future studies should be carried out to determine the benefits of vitamin D supplementation in patients with T2DM with depression and their pathophysiology.

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Published
2023-12-14
How to Cite
1.
Putranto R, Adhiatma K, Tarigan TJE, Rumende CM, Shatri H, Rengganis I, Nugroho P, Rinaldi I. Vitamin D levels and depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a cross-sectional study. Med J Indones [Internet]. 2023Dec.14 [cited 2024Oct.10];32(3):177-82. Available from: http://mji.ui.ac.id/journal/index.php/mji/article/view/7005
Section
Clinical Research

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