Primaquine decreased plasma concentration of ritonavir: single- and repeated-dose study in Sprague Dawley rats

  • Melva Louisa
  • Vivian Soetikno
  • Nafrialdi Nafrialdi
  • Rianto Setiabudy
  • Frans D. Suyatna
Keywords: drug interaction, metabolism, primaquine, ritonavir
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Abstract

Background: The present study was aimed to explore the effects of ritonavir and primaquine combination given as a singledose or repeated-dose compared to ritonavir alone on ritonavir plasma concentration in the rats.

Methods: In single-dose study, 30 male Spraque Dawley rats were randomly allocated to receive ritonavir 20 mg/kg BW or ritonavir 20 mg/kg BW + primaquine 1.2 mg/kg BW or ritonavir 20 mg/kg BW + ketokonazole 10 mg/kg BW. Ketokonazole was used as positive control of ritonavir metabolism inhibitor. In the repeated-dose study, thirty Spraque Dawley male rats were randomly allocated to receive ritonavir 20 mg/kg BW/day or ritonavir 20 mg/kg BW/day + primaquine 1.2 mg/kg BW/day or ritonavir 20 mg/kg BW/day + rifampicin 100 mg/kg BW/day. Rifampicin was used as a positive control of ritonavir metabolism inducer.

Results: In the single-dose study, ketokonazole increased the area under the plasma concentration (AUC) of ritonavir (↑114.8%, p< 0.05), while primaquine tended to decrease the AUC of ritonavir (↓32.6%, p> 0.05). Repeated-dose study showed that rifampicin decreases the AUC of ritonavir (↓42.8%, p< 0.001), and primaquine decreased the AUC of ritonavir plasma concentration (↓46.6%, p< 0.001).

Conclusion: Concomitant administration of primaquine and ritonavir decreases the AUC of ritonavir. This effect may result in the insufficient concentration of ritonavir as anti-HIV, which may lead to treatment failure with ritonavir. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:190-4)

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Published
2011-08-01
How to Cite
1.
Louisa M, Soetikno V, Nafrialdi N, Setiabudy R, Suyatna FD. Primaquine decreased plasma concentration of ritonavir: single- and repeated-dose study in Sprague Dawley rats. Med J Indones [Internet]. 2011Aug.1 [cited 2024Oct.5];20(3):190-4. Available from: http://mji.ui.ac.id/journal/index.php/mji/article/view/449
Section
Basic Medical Research

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